![]() ![]() ASFV belongs to the family of Asfarviridae, which is enveloped and can be easily inactivated by commonly used disinfectants like NaOH or formaldehyde. The stability of ASFV in the environment is well documented. Furthermore, the disinfection of potentially contaminated soil beneath and around the ASFV-positive carcasses contributed to the active control measures. The control strategy relies on reducing the number of wild boar, fencing of affected areas, monitoring of the susceptible population and proper disposal of infected carcasses. To prevent further spread and economic losses, the German government has implemented strict emergency and hygiene plans in accordance with European legislation (e.g., Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/605). Thus, the epidemic in the local wild boar population was the most likely source of these outbreaks. In all cases, local virus variants were also found to be circulated in the wild boar population. Moreover, three ASF outbreaks were confirmed in Brandenburg domestic pigs in July 2021. Within one year, the cases of the haemorrhagic disease of pigs spread across the states of Brandenburg and Saxony, with more than 2000 cases reported in wild boar one year later. From there, it continuously spread westwards and in September 2020 the first case in Germany was diagnosed in the state of Brandenburg. From 2007, ASFV spread through Georgia and Russia to the EU in the Baltic states. In conclusion, the high efficacy and suitability of all tested lime products against both viruses and in the presence of high organic load in forest soil can be confirmed and will help to control ASF spread.Īfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most important emerging animal diseases, which spreads rapidly worldwide. At least a 4 log reduction of the virus titer in all tested forest soil types and layers and by all applied lime types was observed. In summary, 10% of any tested lime type is able to inactivate both MVAV and ASFV under conditions of high organic load and independent of the water content of the soil. Thus, in this study, slaked lime, milk of lime and quicklime (1% to 10% solutions) were selected for efficacy testing against the test virus recommended by the German Veterinary Society (DVG), Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV), and ASF virus (ASFV) in conjunction with six different forest soils from Saxony in two different soil layers (top soil and mineral soil) each. For the disinfection, highly potent as well as environmentally compatible disinfectants must be used, which are neither influenced in their effectiveness by the soil condition nor by increased organic contamination. In particular, the removal and safe disposal of infected carcasses and the direct disinfection of contaminated, unpaved ground are priorities in this regard. As wild boar are considered the main reservoir for the virus in the European region, an effective interruption of this infection chain is essential. The first known cases occurred exclusively in wild boar in forest areas in Brandenburg and Saxony in July 2021, infected domestic pigs were also confirmed for the first time. Since September 2020, Germany has experienced the first ever outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). ![]()
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